{"id":391,"date":"2023-08-15T00:26:22","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T22:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unesenivangole.socializmus.sk\/?p=391"},"modified":"2023-08-15T00:29:56","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T22:29:56","slug":"vzpominky-na-angolskou-alto-catumbela-na-uzasne-africke-prostredi-nekdo-tomu-rikal-raj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unesenivangole.socializmus.sk\/pt\/vzpominky-na-angolskou-alto-catumbela-na-uzasne-africke-prostredi-nekdo-tomu-rikal-raj\/","title":{"rendered":"Vzpom\u00ednky na angolskou Alto Catumbela, na \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 africk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. N\u011bkdo tomu \u0159\u00edkal r\u00e1j"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V letech 1977 – 1983 p\u016fsobili v Alto Catumbela \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci z pap\u00edrensk\u00e9ho a chemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, zdravotn\u00edci a energetici. Jejich \u010dinnost zastavila 12. 3. 1983 UNITA zajet\u00edm 66 z nich.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Angola. Toto trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 slovo se stalo pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0na\u0161ich lid\u00ed v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b doslova mocn\u00fdm a\u00a0kouzeln\u00fdm zakl\u00ednadlem. Z\u00a0ni\u010deho nic se mezi n\u00e1mi objevily informace o\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 africk\u00e9 zemi,\u00a0o\u00a0zemi, kterou p\u0159edt\u00edm nikdo z\u00a0n\u00e1s neznal a\u00a0mnoz\u00ed p\u0159itom ani netu\u0161ili, \u017ee je n\u011bkdy dokonce doslova osudov\u011b zas\u00e1hne. Na sam\u00e9m prvopo\u010d\u00e1tku jsem to vlastn\u011b, a\u00a0to ze zcela pochopiteln\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, nemohl tu\u0161it ani j\u00e1 s\u00e1m. To v\u0161e ale p\u0159i\u0161lo a\u017e mnohem pozd\u011bji. T\u00edm to v\u0161ak bylo p\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Z na\u0161eho sp\u00ed\u0161e mal\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho snad jenom pro pap\u00edrensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Severo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje, se toti\u017e dostali n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 a\u017e daleko do subsaharsk\u00e9 Afriky, do Angolsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky. Byla to tady pochopiteln\u011b tak obrovsk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, \u017ee se snadno a\u00a0velice lehce stala ter\u010dem z\u00e1jmu cel\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny i\u00a0m\u011bsta. Mluvilo se o\u00a0tom, d\u00edky t\u00e9 velik\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti, nejen na v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobn\u00edch provozech, ale i\u00a0ve v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, restaurac\u00edch a\u00a0obchodech. Hovo\u0159ilo se tedy o\u00a0t\u011bch exotick\u00fdch v\u00fdjezdech na\u0161ich koleg\u016f a\u00a0bylo to tehdy na programu ka\u017edodenn\u011b. V\u00a0SEPAP\u00a0\u0160t\u011bt\u00ed se prakticky v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 mezi sebou v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b osobn\u011b znali, a\u00a0to i\u00a0p\u0159esto, \u017ee tu bylo zam\u011bstn\u00e1no t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4\u00a0000\u00a0lid\u00ed. Nav\u00edc v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b pro v\u011bt\u0161inu z\u00a0n\u00e1s i\u00a0dovolen\u00e1 v\u00a0Jugosl\u00e1vii byla n\u011bco extra, nato\u017e pracovn\u00ed pobyt n\u011bkde je\u0161t\u011b mnohem d\u00e1l, a\u017e kdesi na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b zem\u011bkoule.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ty zcela \u00fapln\u011b prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance ze z\u00e1vodu SEPAP \u0160t\u011bt\u00ed, kde jsem pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b pracoval, a\u00a0sice jezdit od n\u00e1s do CCPA2\u00a0ve m\u011bst\u011b Alto Catumbela\u00a0v\u00a0Angole, se objevily v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 souvislosti s\u00a0vlastn\u00edm vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm nez\u00e1vislosti Angolsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky. To se stalo 11.\u00a011.\u00a01975.\u00a0V\u00a0tomto roce dalo Portugalsko dosti p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nez\u00e1vislost v\u0161em sv\u00fdm po\u010detn\u00fdm a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdm koloni\u00edm, s\u00a0jedinou v\u00fdjimkou Mac\u00e3a, a\u00a0to po revoluci prob\u011bhl\u00e9 v\u00a0dubnu na ja\u0159e roku p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho. Portugalsko se tehdy poklidnou dubnovou, takzvanou \u201ekarafi\u00e1tovou\u201c revoluc\u00ed, zm\u011bnilo na demokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u011b polofa\u0161istick\u00e9 diktatury.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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N\u00e1sledkem toho byly velk\u00e9 a\u00a0nevratn\u00e9 demokratiza\u010dn\u00ed procesy – a\u00a0nejen v\u00a0zemi samotn\u00e9. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich bylo toti\u017e i\u00a0to, \u017ee se zem\u011b vzdala velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho panstv\u00ed, tedy t\u011bch z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z\u00edskala svou obrovskou aktivitou hlavn\u011b p\u0159i objevn\u00fdch plavb\u00e1ch b\u011bhem 15.\u00a0a\u00a016.\u00a0stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Byly to trochu v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0logikou v\u00fdvoje sv\u011btov\u00e9 situace posledn\u00ed kolonie na sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti k\u00a0tomuto nevyhnuteln\u00e9mu kroku p\u0159istoupily ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, okolo roku 1960.\u00a0Ale nebylo to asi v\u017edy to nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. M\u00e1m tu te\u010f hlavn\u011b na mysli v\u00fdrok b\u00fdval\u00e9ho ministersk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedy Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, Winstona Churchilla, kter\u00fd se k\u00a0tomu kroku vyj\u00e1d\u0159il asi takto: \u201ePoskytnut\u00edm nez\u00e1vislosti na\u0161\u00edm koloni\u00edm jsme se na nich dopustili toho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edko\u0159\u00ed!\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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To, co v\u0161ak v\u00a0t\u011bchto b\u00fdval\u00fdch portugalsk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch n\u00e1sledovalo potom, se ov\u0161em z\u0159ejm\u011b ani ve snu nedalo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni naturalizovan\u00ed Portugalci, do t\u00e9 doby v\u00a0africk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed, je houfn\u011b opustili a\u00a0navr\u00e1tili se v\u011bt\u0161inou nazp\u011bt do zem\u011b sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, tedy Portugalska, n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 do Kanady nebo Anglie. Sice t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161inou riskovali velkou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nejistotu, ale strach z\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch reakc\u00ed Afri\u010dan\u016f na nov\u00fd stav byl u\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161iny z\u00a0nich p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed. A\u00a0proto\u017ee v\u00a0t\u011bchto b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00edch zauj\u00edmali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsta, potom se naprosto logicky cel\u00e1 \u0159ada tamn\u00edch podnik\u016f, instituc\u00ed a\u00a0organizac\u00ed tot\u00e1ln\u011b zhroutila.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tehdy ov\u0161em vyzvala OSN v\u0161echny vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta, aby pomohly t\u011bmto b\u00fdval\u00fdm portugalsk\u00fdm koloni\u00edm ke znovuobnoven\u00ed chodu jejich infrastruktury a\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edch ekonomik.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A tak u\u017e za necel\u00e9 dva roky pot\u00e9, bylo to n\u011bkdy na ja\u0159e v\u00a0roce 1977, odjelo n\u011bkolik prvn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0na\u0161eho z\u00e1vodu ve \u0160t\u011bt\u00ed do angolsk\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka Alto Catumbela, aby tam v\u00a0docela mal\u00e9m t\u00fdmu spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi odborn\u00edky z\u00a0n\u011bkolika jin\u00fdch pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f z\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cSSR, pomohli zrekonstruovat siln\u011b zanedban\u00e9 provozy jedin\u00e9 celul\u00f3zky a\u00a0pap\u00edrny v\u00a0cel\u00e9 t\u00e9to zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 oblasti. Tyto provozy toti\u017e po opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kombin\u00e1tu a\u00a0zem\u011b Portugalci t\u011bsn\u011b po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti nem\u011bl po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b kdo \u0159\u00eddit.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u010ceskoslovensko nav\u00edc mezit\u00edm uzav\u0159elo s\u00a0Angolskou lidovou republikou \u0159\u00e1dnou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou smlouvu o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci a\u00a0technick\u00e9 pomoci, v\u00a0jej\u00edm\u017e r\u00e1mci byla nakonec tato pomoc poskytov\u00e1na. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to smlouvy ov\u0161em nebyla pouze na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 pomoc tam u\u00a0nich v\u00a0Angole, n\u00fdbr\u017e i\u00a0pro\u0161kolen\u00ed jejich vybran\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed, co\u017e se v\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b zrealizovalo. Pr\u00e1v\u011b angol\u0161t\u00ed kandid\u00e1ti na budouc\u00ed technick\u00e9 k\u00e1dry ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 Alto Catumbela z\u00e1hy p\u0159ijeli i\u00a0k n\u00e1m, do na\u0161ich pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Za\u0161kolen\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bkolika v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1vodech v\u00a0\u010ceskoslovensku absolvovali v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a\u00a0technick\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bstek, vedouc\u00ed celul\u00f3zky, pap\u00edrny, regenerace a\u00a0elektrol\u00fdzy a\u00a0cel\u00e1 \u0159ada mistr\u016f z\u00a0vyjmenovan\u00fdch provoz\u016f a\u00a0\u00fadr\u017eby. Jejich praxe zde trvala od t\u0159\u00ed do \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, z\u00e1le\u017eelo na tom, do jak\u00e9 funkce se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd pracovn\u00edk za\u0161koloval. Takt\u00e9\u017e to, zda se potom dostal do jednoho z\u00e1vodu nebo jich postupn\u011b absolvoval v\u00edce, s\u00a0t\u00edm souviselo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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U\u017e za necel\u00e9 dva roky od ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho hromadn\u00e9ho odchodu Portugalc\u016f ze zem\u011b nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 soubory v\u00a0CCPA Alto Catumbela pou\u017e\u00edt bez dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rekonstruk\u010dn\u00edch investic. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to pro n\u00e1s na prvn\u00ed pohled relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby do\u0161lo toti\u017e vlivem nulov\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eby, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 vlivem necht\u011bn\u00e9 odst\u00e1vky provoz\u016f vznikl\u00e9 odchodem kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed technologick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nejen varny celul\u00f3zy, ale i\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch provoz\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee i\u00a0samotn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed toho, co by bylo nutn\u00e9 nyn\u00ed vym\u011bnit nebo t\u0159eba jen opravit, bylo nad s\u00edly dom\u00e1c\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Angol\u0161t\u00ed pracovn\u00edci tov\u00e1rny na to sami tehdy prost\u011b v\u016fbec nesta\u010dili. Nem\u011bli, a\u00a0tehdy je\u0161t\u011b tak\u00e9 ani nemohli m\u00edt, dostate\u010dn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 a\u00a0dokonce ani teoretick\u00e9 znalosti. Tehdy tam nastoupili odborn\u00edci od n\u00e1s.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj:\u00a0SAZE\u010cEK, Lubom\u00edr<\/span>. Zajati v\u00a0Angole – Ne\u017e p\u0159i\u0161la UNITA. Brno: L. Saze\u010dek, 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V letech 1977 – 1983 p\u016fsobili v Alto Catumbela \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci z pap\u00edrensk\u00e9ho a chemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, zdravotn\u00edci a energetici. Jejich \u010dinnost zastavila 12. 3. 1983 UNITA zajet\u00edm 66 z nich. Angola. Toto trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 slovo se stalo pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0na\u0161ich lid\u00ed v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b doslova mocn\u00fdm a\u00a0kouzeln\u00fdm zakl\u00ednadlem. Z\u00a0ni\u010deho nic se mezi n\u00e1mi objevily informace o\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rok-v-zajati-unity-spomienky-priameho-ucastnika"],"yoast_head":"\nVzpom\u00ednky na angolskou Alto Catumbela, na \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 africk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. N\u011bkdo tomu \u0159\u00edkal r\u00e1j | Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u00fanos \u010cechoslov\u00e1kov \u2013 Angola 1983<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unesenivangole.socializmus.sk\/pt\/vzpominky-na-angolskou-alto-catumbela-na-uzasne-africke-prostredi-nekdo-tomu-rikal-raj\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vzpom\u00ednky na angolskou Alto Catumbela, na \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 africk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. N\u011bkdo tomu \u0159\u00edkal r\u00e1j | Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u00fanos \u010cechoslov\u00e1kov \u2013 Angola 1983\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V letech 1977 – 1983 p\u016fsobili v Alto Catumbela \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci z pap\u00edrensk\u00e9ho a chemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, zdravotn\u00edci a energetici. Jejich \u010dinnost zastavila 12. 3. 1983 UNITA zajet\u00edm 66 z nich. Angola. Toto trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 slovo se stalo pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0na\u0161ich lid\u00ed v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b doslova mocn\u00fdm a\u00a0kouzeln\u00fdm zakl\u00ednadlem. 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